With no doubt, applying Madd (elongation) properly, with all its various types, is indispensable for a perfectly-intoned, and rhythmic recitation of Qur’an. As we know, there are two major types of Madd that are usually associated with each other: Madd Mutasil and Madd Munfasil.
It is so important to recognize the differences between those two types, so that you can apply each of them duly in their certain cases, without mixing them up. Together, let’s have a look at the crucial differences between Madd Munfasil and Madd Mutasil, like those of the definition, ruling, duration, types, examples, and so on.
Table of Contents
Definition of Madd Mutasil and Madd Munfasil:
They are both types of Madd (elongation), yet you can differentiate between them since their definition:
| Madd Mutasil | Madd Munfasil |
| Linguistically, in Arabic, Madd means (elongation) and Mutasil means (connected). | Linguistically, in Arabic, Madd means (elongation), and Munfasil means (disconnected). |
| In tajweed, Madd Mutasil is that elongation occurring, when a vowel letter, (ا، و، ي) (alif, waaw, yaa) is followed by a hamza (ء) in the same word. | In tajweed, Madd Munfasil is that elongation occurring, when a vowel letter, (ا، و، ي) (alif, waaw, yaa) is the last of a word, and followed by a hamza (ء) as the first letter of the next word. |
| It is called “Mutasil” (connected) as it occurs in the same word. | It is called “Munfasil” (disconnected) as it occurs between two words, one following the other. |
Ruling and Duration of Applying Madd Muntasil and Madd Munfasil:
The Madd ruling and duration vary between those two types of Madd, as follows:
| Madd Mutasil | Madd Munfasil |
| The Madd Mutasil (the elongation within the same word) is wajib (obligatory). | The Madd Munfasil (the elongation between two words) is ja’iz (permissible). |
| It is obligatory to elongate the Madd-letter for 4, or 5 counts, and even for 6 counts, when pausing at (ء) while it is at the end of the word. | It is permissible to elongate the Madd-letter for 4, or 5 counts, usually, and 2 counts only in Hafs’ Recitation by Taibat An-Nashr’s style. |
| Example: أولياء /Awliaaaaaa/ when stopping at it,while pronouncing it /Awliaaaa/ or /Awliaaaaa/ when continuing recitation. | Example: يآ أيها /Yaaaa Ayuha/, or /Yaaaaa Ayuha/.And /Yaa Ayuha/ in Hafs’ Recitation by Taibat An-Nashr’s style. |
Types of Madd Mutasil and Madd Munfasel:
There are subtypes of Madd Mutasil; likewise, there are subtypes of Madd Munfasil, too; let’s have a quick look at each of them:
| Madd Mutasil | Madd Munfasil |
| Madd ‘Aridh Lillsukoon (Sukoon-Interrupted Elongation):Madd ‘Aridh Lillsukoon is that elongation caused by stopping at a word, in which the Madd-letter is followed by originally a voweled letter that is temporarily replaced with sukoon, due to the pause. It is called “interrupted” as that Madd occurs only when the pause interrupts that vowel at the last letter, replacing it with sukoon; We naturally keep pronouncing its vowel when going on reciting.It takes 2,4, or six counts.Example: الضآلينWhen stopping, we pronounce it: /Adh-dhaaaaaaleeeeeen/ | Madd Munfasil Haqiqy (True Separated Elongation):Madd Munfasil Haqiqy is that true separated elongation, where the Madd-letter is the last in a word, and followed by hamza, at the start of the next word.It is called “Haqiqy” (true), as both of the Madd-letter and hamza are actually found, in the written text of Qur’an, and in its pronunciation. It takes 4, 5 counts when continuing recitation, and When pausing at the Madd Munfasil Haqiqy, it takes 2 counts, like Madd Tabi’I (natural elongation) of the written Madd letter.Example: إنا أنزلناه /Enaaaa Anzalnahu/Likewise, Madd Silah Kubra (Major Link Elongation) occurs when hamza comes after the male-pronoun-h in two words:Example: ومن أياته أن /wa min ayatiheeee an/ |
| Madd Al Baddal (Replacing Elongation):Madd Al Baddal is that elongation occurring when hamza comes before the Madd-letter, in the same word.It takes 2 counts, like the natural Madd.Example: أوتوا /OOtu/ | Madd Munfasil Hukmy (Ruling-Separated Elongation): Madd Munfasil Hukmy is a separated elongation occurring between two words, yet it is called “Hukmy”, as this Madd applies the ruling of the Madd Munfasil, as the Madd-letter is found in pronunciation, but not in the written text of Qur’an.It takes 4, or 5 counts, as we can’t pause at the Madd-letter, as it is not written.Its Subtypes:There are subtypes of Madd Munfasil Hukmy, when followed by hamza:Madd Munfasil of the Attention-H: like in (هَأَنُتُمْ هَؤلاءِ)= /haa antum haa olla’a/- here, there is no Madd-letter, ا, is written, yet it is pronounced.Madd Silah Meem-Al-Jam’ (Plural-Meem, Link Elongation), when followed by hamaza in the next word:Like in منهم أميون / minhumuuuu omiyun/Madd Haa-Adh Dhameer (H-Pronoun Elongation):Like in لم يره أحد /lam yarahuuuu Ahd/ |
| Madd Al- Lazim (Necessary Elongation):Madd Lazim is that elongation occurring when the Madd-letter is followed by a static consonant, an original sukoon of the letter, not affected whether by pause, or continuation. It is called “lazim” (necessary), as it is obligatory to elongate the Madd-letter for six counts, whether when stopping, or continuing the recitation, because of the original sukoon of the following letter. Example: الحآقة /Al Haaaaaaqqah/Letter ق here is with shadda= قْ + قَ |
How to Learn Madd Mutasil and Munfasil?
There are some steps that you can take to absorb the rules of Madd Mutasil and Munfasil:
1. Basics Come First:
Before going to the examples, or reciting randomly, you need to focus on the distinguishing definitions, features and main rules of Madd Munfasil and Mutasil, like any of the tajweed technique, so that you can detect and apply them properly, without mixing them up.
2. Study with Clarifying Examples:
Examples are such a great way to learn! As they are the samples of applying the rules correctly. Pay attention to the examples as they clarify the rules smoothly, and guide you to practice ‘how to’ recite perfectly.
3. Make Use of the Comparisons:
Comparison precisely links the important information all together, and keeps them vivid in your mind. Once studying those comparisons about Madd Mutasil and Munfasil, you can have a clear, foundational understanding of both.
4. Practice While Recitation:
After understanding both of Madd Mutasil and Munfasil, practice applying them while reciting; ultimately, this is the required goal.
5. Seek the Directions of A Specialized-Teacher:
After all, you need a specialized, well-versed sheikh to listen to his perfectly intoned recitation, and to get instructed and corrected by his guidelines, avoiding the common mistakes.
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Conclusion:
Finally, you need to keep in mind that Madd Mutasil and Madd Munfasil are major types of Madd that you need to precisely apply when reciting the Qur’an. Elongating Madd Al-Mutasil is Wajib (obligatory), as occurs in the same word, whereas Madd Al-Munfasil is Ja’iz (permissible), whether for 4, 5, or even 2 counts, according to the recitation style.
To assure the correct application of Madd Mutasil and Madd Munfasil, you need to seek the help of the qualified, experienced teachers of Riwaq Academy, that, for sure, accelerates your learning process!
