How to Pray Maghrib – Step-by-Step Guide

Most people who search for how to pray Maghrib already know the basics — pray after sunset, three rakats. What they need is the full Arabic text of every recitation, the exact sequence for each position, and clarity on the details that are easy to get wrong. This guide goes further: it anchors every key instruction in authentic Quranic evidence and verified Prophetic hadith, so you understand not just what to do but why it matters.

Maghrib is the fourth of the five obligatory daily prayers in Islam. It is the only prayer consisting of three rakats, with the first two recited aloud and the third in silence. Whether you are learning for the first time or returning to refine your practice, this guide walks you through every step — with Arabic text, transliteration, translation, commentary, and direct source links.

Maghrib prayer is one of the five obligatory (fardh) daily prayers in Islam, performed immediately after the sun sets below the horizon. It consists of three rakats — making it structurally unique among the five prayers — with the first two recited aloud and the third silently.

Allah commands guarding all the prayers with particular emphasis in the Quran:

“حَافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَىٰ وَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ قَانِتِينَ”

“Guard strictly your prayers, and the middle prayer, and stand before Allah in devout obedience.” — Al-Baqarah (2:238)

The Arabic verb حَافِظُوا (hafidhoo) means to guard and protect something with active, consistent effort — not merely to perform it occasionally. Scholars of tafsir note that this verse establishes prayer not as a ritual to complete but as a trust to uphold. Maghrib, as the prayer that opens the night, is among the prayers that demand this protective attention because its narrow time window makes delay particularly risky.

Allah also commands prayer across the full arc of the day and into the night — the very verse that encompasses Maghrib’s time:

“أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَىٰ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كَانَ مَشْهُودًا”

“Establish prayer from the decline of the sun until the darkness of the night, and the recitation of Fajr. Indeed, the recitation of Fajr is ever witnessed.” — Al-Isra (17:78)

Duluk al-shams (the decline or setting of the sun) marks the beginning of the prayer window that includes Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha in sequence. Ghasaq al-layl (the darkness of the night) marks its end. Maghrib sits at the pivot point between the day prayers and the night — the moment the sun surrenders the sky. This verse covers the entire span from noon to deep night with a single command: establish.

How to Pray Maghrib – Full 3-Rakat Step-by-Step Guide

Learning how to pray Maghrib correctly means following each element in a fixed sequence. Below is the complete guide — from intention through tasleem — with every recitation in Arabic, transliteration, and meaning.

1. Make Intention (Niyyah) and Perform Wudu

Before praying, two conditions must be met: a sincere internal intention and physical purification through wudu (ablution).

• Niyyah is an act of the heart. You do not need to say it aloud — simply intend in your heart that you are performing the three obligatory rakats of Maghrib for the sake of Allah. The intention that matters is internal; vocalizing it is a matter of scholarly difference, not obligation.
• Wudu must be valid and unbroken. The sequence is: wash both hands, rinse the mouth, rinse the nose, wash the face, wash both arms to the elbows, wipe the head, clean the ears, and wash both feet — each in order. If wudu has been broken since your last prayer, renew it before beginning.

2. Face the Qibla and Open the Prayer (Takbiratul Ihram)

Stand on a clean surface facing the direction of the Kaaba. Raise both hands to the level of your earlobes with palms facing forward and say aloud:

“اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ”

“Allahu Akbar — “Allah is the Greatest” Sahih al-Bukhari 785

This is the Takbiratul Ihram — the opening declaration that marks the formal start of prayer. Lower your hands, place them across your chest with the right hand over the left, and hold your gaze toward the point of sujood in front of you.

3. The First Rakat

Recite Surah Al-Fatihah aloud:

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ۝ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ۝ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ۝ مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ ۝ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ۝ اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ ۝ صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ”

“In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of all worlds. The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Master of the Day of Judgment. You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help. Guide us to the straight path — the path of those You have blessed, not of those who earned anger, nor of those who went astray.” — Al-Fatihah (1:1–7)

Then recite an additional surah aloud. Surah Al-Ikhlas is among the most commonly chosen for Maghrib:

“قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ ۝ اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ ۝ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ۝ وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ”

“Say: He is Allah, the One. Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born. And there is none comparable to Him.” — Al-Ikhlas (112:1–4)

Ruku (bowing): Raise your hands to your earlobes, say “Allahu Akbar,” and bow until your back is flat and your palms rest firmly on your knees. Repeat silently three times: سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ — Subhana Rabbiyal Azeem — “Glory be to my Lord, the Most Great”

Rising from ruku: Stand upright, saying aloud:

“سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ”

“Sami’a Allahu liman hamidah — “Allah hears those who praise Him” Sahih al-Bukhari 789

Once fully upright and still, say silently:

” رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ”

“Rabbana walakal hamd — “Our Lord, to You belongs all praise” Sahih al-Bukhari 789

First sujood (prostration): Say “Allahu Akbar” and lower yourself so that seven body parts touch the ground simultaneously: forehead and nose, both palms, both knees, and the balls of both feet. Repeat silently three times:

“سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى”

“Subhana Rabbiyal A’la — “Glory be to my Lord, the Most High” Sunan Abi Dawud 871

Jalsa (sitting between the two sujoods): Rise from the first prostration, sit on your left foot with the right foot upright, and say silently:

“رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي”

“Rabbighfirli — “My Lord, forgive me” Sunan Abi Dawud 850

Second sujood: Return to prostration exactly as before and repeat the dua three times. This completes the first rakat.

4. The Second Rakat and First Tashahhud

Rise to standing and repeat the full sequence of the first rakat: Al-Fatihah (aloud) + additional surah (aloud) → Ruku → Rising → First sujood → Jalsa → Second sujood.

After the second sujood of this rakat, remain seated — do not stand. Raise the index finger of your right hand and keep it raised. Recite the Tashahhud silently:

“التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَالصَّلَوَاتُ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ”

“At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibat. As-salamu alaika ayyuhan-Nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu alayna wa ala ibadillahis-saliheen. Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh.” Sahih Muslim 402

“All acts of worship — physical, verbal, and monetary — are for Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and Allah’s mercy and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah. I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.”

5. The Third Rakat (Silent — Al-Fatihah Only)

Stand from the Tashahhud, saying “Allahu Akbar.”

In the third rakat, recite only Surah Al-Fatihah — silently, without an additional surah. This is the defining structural difference of the third rakat and one of the most commonly missed distinctions among beginners.

Complete the rakat: Ruku → Rising → First sujood → Jalsa → Second sujood.

After the final sujood, remain seated for the Final Tashahhud. Recite the full Tashahhud again, then add Salat Al-Ibrahimiyyah:

“اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ”

“O Allah, send Your blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, as You sent Your blessings upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly You are Praiseworthy and Glorious. O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly You are Praiseworthy and Glorious.” Sahih al-Bukhari 3370

6. Tasleem (Closing the Prayer)

Lower your right index finger and place both palms on your thighs. Turn your head to the right and say:

“اَلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ”

“Assalamu alaykum wa rahmatullah — “Peace and mercy of Allah be upon you” Sahih Muslim 498

Then turn your head to the left and repeat the same words. The obligatory Maghrib prayer is now complete.

When to Pray Maghrib

Maghrib begins the moment the sun has fully set below the horizon and ends when the red twilight disappears from the west — a window that typically lasts 60 to 90 minutes, depending on your location and season. The Quran makes explicit that prayers are fixed to their times:

“إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَّوْقُوتًا”

“Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers at specified times.” — An-Nisa (4:103)

The word mawqoota (مَّوْقُوتًا) derives from waqt — time. Prayer is not simply obligatory; it is time-bound obligatory. Scholars use this verse as the primary Quranic basis for the ruling that a prayer performed outside its window without a valid excuse requires makeup (Qada) but is still considered deficient in fulfillment.

Allah also singles out the two daily transitions — including sunset — as moments of particular prayer emphasis:

“وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِّنَ اللَّيْلِ ۚ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ذِكْرَىٰ لِلذَّاكِرِينَ”

“And establish prayer at the two ends of the day and at the approach of the night. Indeed, good deeds erase bad deeds. That is a reminder for those who remember.” — Hud (11:114)

Tarafay al-nahar (the two ends of the day) refers to Fajr and Maghrib — the prayer at dawn and the prayer at sunset. Zulafan min al-layl (the approaches of the night) includes Isha. This verse carries an extraordinary promise attached directly to establishing these prayers: al-hasanat yudhhib al-sayyi’at — good deeds erase bad ones. The prayer at sunset is thus not only an act of worship but a mechanism for moral renewal.

The Prophet ﷺ defined the Maghrib time window precisely:

“عن عبدالله بن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنهما؛ أن رسول الله ﷺ قال: «…وَوَقْتُ صَلَاةِ الْمَغْرِبِ مَا لَمْ يَغِبِ الشَّفَقُ…»

“The time for Maghrib prayer lasts until the twilight (shafaq) has disappeared.” — Sahih Muslim, 612

Al-shafaq refers to the red twilight that remains visible in the western sky after the sun has set. Once it disappears — which may take between 60 and 90 minutes depending on the season and latitude — Maghrib time ends and Isha begins. The window is shorter than most people realize. Use a verified Islamic prayer app or timetable for your city and pray as early in this window as possible.

Why Maghrib Deserves Priority – The Virtue of Praying on Time

Beyond the obligation itself, the Prophet ﷺ established that praying at the correct time is the most beloved action to Allah — not simply praying at all.

Abdullah ibn Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reported:

عن عبدالله بن مسعود رضي الله عنه قال: سألتُ النبيَّ ﷺ: أيُّ العملِ أحبُّ إلى الله؟ قال: «الصَّلاةُ على وقتِها». قلتُ: ثُمَّ أيٌّ؟ قال: «ثُمَّ برُّ الوالدَينِ». قلتُ: ثُمَّ أيٌّ؟ قال: «الجهادُ في سبيلِ الله»

“I asked the Prophet ﷺ: ‘Which deed is the most beloved to Allah?’ He said: ‘Prayer at its due time (الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى وَقْتِهَا).’ I asked: ‘Then what?’ He said: ‘Honoring your parents.’ I asked: ‘Then what?’ He said: ‘Jihad in the way of Allah.'” — Sahih al-Bukhari, 527

This ranking places prayer at its correct time above honoring parents and above physical sacrifice — two of the highest-ranked acts in Islamic ethics. The implication for Maghrib is concrete: a Maghrib prayer offered immediately after sunset carries more spiritual weight than one offered an hour later, even if both fall within the time window. Promptness is not merely preference — it is the deed itself at its highest degree.

Performing Maghrib in congregation (jama’ah) multiplies that reward further. The Prophet ﷺ said:

“صَلَاةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ تَفْضُلُ صَلَاةَ الْفَذِّ بِسَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ دَرَجَةً”

“Prayer in congregation is twenty-seven degrees more excellent than prayer offered alone.” — Sahih al-Bukhari, 645

Commentary: Daraja (degree) here carries the sense of a full level of rank, not a marginal increase. Scholars explain that praying Maghrib in congregation at the masjid combines three virtues at once:

• Timeliness — the prayer is called immediately after sunset.
• Community — the social fabric of Muslim brotherhood and sisterhood.
• Spiritual protection — beginning the night in a state of active worship.

For those who cannot reach a masjid, praying in congregation with household members carries the same multiplication.

Maghrib Sunnah Prayer – The Rakats That Complete Your Evening Worship

The three fardh rakats are the core of Maghrib, but the full recommended practice extends to seven rakats. Here is how the complete Maghrib worship period is structured:

Rakat Type	Count	When Performed	Recitation
Nafl (optional)	2	Before the fardh	Silently
Fardh (obligatory)	3	Core prayer	First 2 aloud, 3rd silent
Sunnah Mu’akkadah	2	After the fardh	Silently

The Prophet ﷺ specifically named the two Sunnah rakats after Maghrib among the twelve that earn a house in Paradise:

“مَنْ ثَابَرَ عَلَى اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً مِنَ السُّنَّةِ بَنَى اللَّهُ لَهُ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ: أَرْبَعًا قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَهَا، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ، وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ”

“Whoever persists in performing twelve rakats of Sunnah daily, Allah will build for him a house in Paradise: four before Dhuhr, two after it, two after Maghrib, two after Isha, and two before Fajr.” — Sunan an-Nasa’i, 1795

The verb thābara (ثَابَرَ) means to persist, to be consistent, to not abandon. The promise of a house in Paradise is not attached to praying these twelve rakats once — it is attached to making them a daily habit.

The two Sunnah rakats after Maghrib are prayed silently and follow the structure of a standard two-rakat prayer. They take less than five minutes and are among the most consistent acts of worship the Prophet ﷺ performed throughout his life.

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Recommended Dhikr and Dua After Maghrib Prayer

What you do in the minutes immediately following the Maghrib prayer is as important as the prayer itself. The Prophet ﷺ established a specific dhikr routine after every obligatory prayer that carries its own extraordinary promise. The post-Maghrib sequence moves through three connected parts:

1. The Tasbih (33 × 3 + 1):

Say SubhanAllah 33 times, Alhamdulillah 33 times, and Allahu Akbar 33 times — making 99 — then complete one hundred by saying:

“لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ”

“There is no god but Allah, alone with no partner. To Him belongs the dominion, and to Him belongs all praise, and He is over all things capable.”

The Prophet ﷺ said that whoever does this after every obligatory prayer “his sins will be forgiven even if they are as much as the foam of the sea.” — Sahih Muslim, 597

The imagery of foam of the sea (زَبَدِ الْبَحْرِ) conveys an almost uncountable quantity. The scholars note that this forgiveness refers to minor sins — major sins require specific repentance — but the scope of what’s covered by this brief post-prayer dhikr is remarkable.

For Maghrib specifically, this routine becomes a natural bridge between the fardh prayer and the Sunnah rakats, marking the transition with remembrance rather than distraction.

2. The Three Quls (3× each):

The Prophet ﷺ specified Surah Al-Ikhlas, Surah Al-Falaq, and Surah An-Nas to be recited three times each at the evening anchor:

“عن عبدالله بن خبيب رضي الله عنه قال: خرجنا في ليلةِ مطرٍ وظُلمةٍ شديدةٍ نطلب رسول الله ﷺ ليصلي لنا، فأدركناه، فقال: «أصليتم؟» فلم أقل شيئًا، فقال: «قل» فلم أقل شيئًا، ثم قال: «قل» فقلت: يا رسول الله، ما أقول؟ قال: «قل: قُل هو الله أحد، والمُعوِّذَتَيْن، حين تُمسي وحين تُصبح، ثلاث مرات، تكفيك من كل شيء»

“Recite Qul huwa Allahu Ahad, Qul a’udhu bi-Rabb il-Falaq, and Qul a’udhu bi-Rabb il-Nas three times every morning and evening — they will suffice you against everything.” — Sunan Abi Dawud, 5082

Tansa’u min kulli shay’ — they suffice against everything. Scholars interpret this as protection from spiritual and worldly harm. Reciting the three Quls after Maghrib is among the most consistently recommended morning and evening athkar (remembrances) across all four major legal schools, and it takes under two minutes to complete.

3. The Two Sunnah Rakats:

After completing the dhikr, proceed directly to the two confirmed Sunnah rakats described in the previous section to close your full Maghrib worship.

How to Pray Maghrib While Traveling

Maghrib prayer cannot be shortened during travel because it already consists of three rakats — an odd number that Islamic jurisprudence does not reduce further. This sets it apart from Dhuhr, Asr, and Isha, each of which reduces from four to two rakats when traveling.

What is permitted during travel is combining (jam’) Maghrib and Isha:

• Jam’ Taqdim — pray both prayers at Maghrib time, advancing Isha forward.
• Jam’ Ta’khir — pray both prayers at Isha time, delaying Maghrib.

This is an established Sunnah for travelers, confirmed in Sahih Muslim. The majority of scholars permit this when genuine travel difficulty makes praying at two separate times impractical.

What to Do If You Miss Maghrib Prayer

If Maghrib is missed — due to sleep, forgetfulness, or necessity — it must be made up as a Qada prayer as soon as you remember. The structure remains identical: three rakats, first two aloud, third silent.

The Prophet ﷺ said:

عن أنس بن مالك أن رسول الله ﷺ قال: «مَن نَسِيَ صَلاةً فَليُصَلِّها إذا ذَكَرَها، لا كَفّارَةَ لَها إلّا ذلك»

“Whoever forgets a prayer, let him pray it when he remembers it — there is no expiation for it other than that.” — Sahih Muslim, 684

On the question of order when both a missed and a current prayer are due:

• Majority position (Hanbali and Shafi’i): Maintain sequence — pray the missed Maghrib first, then Isha.
• Exception: If making up Maghrib first would push Isha past its time, pray Isha first to preserve its time, then make up Maghrib afterward.

Common Mistakes in Maghrib Prayer — Corrected by Hadith

Most prayer errors are small and correctable once identified. These five appear most consistently — and for the core one, the Prophet ﷺ gave a direct, clear instruction.

1. Rushing through ruku and sujood without stillness (tuma’ninah): This is the most prevalent error and the most consequential. A man came to the Prophet ﷺ, prayed, and returned. The Prophet told him three times: “Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.” When the man asked to be taught, the Prophet ﷺ said:

“ثُمَّ ارْكَعْ حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ رَاكِعًا، ثُمَّ ارْفَعْ حَتَّى تَعْتَدِلَ قَائِمًا، ثُمَّ اسْجُدْ حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ ارْفَعْ حَتَّى تَطْمَئِنَّ جَالِسًا، وَافْعَلْ ذَلِكَ فِي صَلَاتِكَ كُلِّهَا”

“Bow until you are at rest in the bowing position (tuma’ninah in ruku). Rise until you are fully upright. Prostrate until you are at rest in the prostration position (tuma’ninah in sujood). Sit until you are at rest sitting. And do that in your entire prayer.” — Sahih al-Bukhari, 757

The Prophet’s repetition of “Go back, you have not prayed” three times to a man who had visibly prayed is one of the most direct prophetic statements on prayer validity in all of hadith literature. Tuma’ninah — complete stillness in each position before moving — is not a recommendation. It is the condition that separates valid prayer from motion. If you feel yourself rushing, slow down specifically at these four points: ruku, the standing after ruku, each sujood, and the sitting between the two sujoods.

2. Continuing to recite aloud in the third rakat: The first two rakats are aloud; the third is silent. This distinction is specific to Maghrib and easy to carry forward accidentally mid-prayer.

3. Reciting an additional surah in the third rakat: Al-Fatihah only — no additional passage — in the third rakat.

4. Missing the nose in sujood: Seven body parts must touch the ground simultaneously: forehead, nose, both palms, both knees, and the toes of both feet. Many people focus on the forehead and inadvertently lift the nose. The nose contacting the ground is a condition of valid prostration per the majority of scholars.

5. Skipping the Jalsa between the two sujoods: The brief sitting position where you say “Rabbighfirli” between the first and second prostrations is obligatory — not optional. Omitting it deliberately invalidates that rakat under most scholarly opinions.

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Conclusion

Maghrib prayer is three rakats: the first two recited aloud, the third in silence. Before you pray, make your intention and ensure your wudu is valid. Open with the Takbiratul Ihram, follow the prescribed sequence of standing, bowing, and prostrating, and close with tasleem to both sides. Immediately after the fardh, perform the post-prayer dhikr — SubhanAllah, Alhamdulillah, and Allahu Akbar thirty-three times each — then the two confirmed Sunnah rakats, and close with the three Quls.

The quality that makes Maghrib a prayer rather than a sequence of movements is tuma’ninah — stillness. The Prophet ﷺ defined a valid prayer precisely around it. And the timing — immediately at sunset, ideally in congregation — is what the Quran calls the prayer at the end of the day: the moment good deeds erase what came before them.

May Allah accept your Maghrib, make it a source of forgiveness and peace, and write for you the house in Paradise that consistent worship earns.

Frequently Asked Questions

The following questions address the most common points of confusion around Maghrib prayer — from its structure and timing to recitation details, travel rulings, makeup rules, and the recommended dhikr that follows.